The Kingdom of Eswatini is in the process of integrating climate change into her budgeting process through the ongoing process of the National Adaptation Planning (NAP) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) revision. To effectively and efficiently do so, there is a need for establishment of a climate finance monitoring, reporting and verification system (MRV). This system will increase the effectiveness of climate finance through an information tool that improves the understanding of the mitigation and adaptation financial flows, from public, private, national, and international sources; helps manage climate finance; and identify investment gaps to climate action. Eswatini has limited capacity for tracking and coordination of climate finance, budgeting for climate change, and critical capacity shortfalls for mobilizing climate finance, stemming from a lack of comprehensive climate finance monitoring reporting and verification (MRV). Currently, the country has a system to track international funding coming to the country through the Aid Coordination Management Section (ACMS) of the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (MEPD). The External Assistance Report is published annually by the ACMS and the monitoring and reporting considers eleven sectors: agriculture, health, education and training, water and sanitation, infrastructure, governance, social protection, capacity building, information technologies, fuel and energy and environment. Climate change is considered a sub-sector within environment. The MRV system still has gaps that need to be addressed to effectively monitor climate finance flows in Eswatini. Climate relevant activities are not defined. The coverage of the system is limited, the report only covers finance mobilized by government ministries excluding parastatals and local governments. Support received by non-public entities such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), academia and the private sector is also not reported. In terms of accounting and budgeting, the government of Eswatini is currently using a Treasury Accounting System (TAS), and the Invoice Tracking System (ITS), which is compliant with TAS. The ITS provides valuable information that enables the preparation of commitment plans that are better captured in the budget preparation process, the centralized approval of commitments, and more comprehensive and effective commitment controls. The Ministry of Finance is currently designing a comprehensive system for budget preparation, accounting and reporting the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS). Development of this system is expected to take several years to complete. The government of Eswatini has received support from the Climate Action Enhancement Programme (CAEP) under
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